Question 1

The 1972 Water Pollution Control Act Amendments changed the policy approach of water pollution control from one of ______________ to one of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   federal control; state control
B)   municipal control; state control
C)   ambient quality; technology based effluent standards
D)   technology based effluent standards; ambient qualityE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

In Phase I of the Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, the EPA set emission standards based on _________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   BPTs, best practicable technology
B)   BATs, best available technology
C)   BCT, best conventional technology
D)   TBES, technology based effluent standardsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

High levels of _____________are associated with high-quality water, this water supports aquatic flora and fauna, domestic water supply, and quality recreational activities.

Accepted Answer

A)   conventional pollutants
B)   biochemical oxygen demand
C)   dissolved oxygen (DO) 
D)   degradable pollutantsE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

After the state has established a total maximum daily load for a body of water and after that load has been distributed among the sources of emissions, a system of ________ can be developed to encourage cost effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

A)   state revolving funds
B)   emissions trading
C)   technology based effluent standards
D)   best management practicesE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Controlling water pollution by establishing total maximum daily loads is a type of

Accepted Answer

A)   technology based effluent standard.
B)   ambient standard.
C)   emissions trading system.
D)   best management practice.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

While technology-based effluent standards help reduce point source emissions, the 1987 Water Quality Act has sought to control non-point source emissions through

Accepted Answer

A)   goals of zero discharge.
B)   best management practices (BMPs) .
C)   criminal legislation.
D)   discharge permits.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

The engineering focused approach of technology-based effluent standards

Accepted Answer

A)   is likely to be cost in-effective, and not consistent with the equimarginal principle.
B)   is subject to political interests while the EPA is required to make engineering decisions.
C)   is substantially undermined by the requirements of monitoring and enforcement.
D)   all of the above.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C) D

Question 8

The Clean Water Act, which has been primarily aimed at point source water pollution, has moved the United States ________ of the way toward zero-discharge levels for point sources.

Accepted Answer

A)   20-30%
B)   50-60%
C)   5-10%
D)   90-100%E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Best Available Technology (BAT)  is generally considered _____________ than Best Practicable Technology (BPT)

Accepted Answer

A)   more economical
B)   more stringent
C)   less stringent
D)   more preciseE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Over the last several decades, the proportion of the U.S. population that is served by secondary or tertiary water treatment facilities has _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased
B)   increased
C)   remained the same
D)   remained unmeasuredE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

One way to control non-point source emissions is

Accepted Answer

A)   determine the source of pollution and fine those who are emitting.
B)   request that the sources self-identify and tax those who are emitting.
C)   offer a reward for identifying those who are emitting.
D)   tax the activities or materials that lead to the emissions, rather than the emissions themselves.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

It wasn't until the creation of _______________ that a direct Federal role was established for water pollution control.

Accepted Answer

A)   the US Army Corp of Engineers
B)   the Environmental Protection Agency
C)   the Uniform Standard Emissions Act
D)   the 1948 Water Quality ActE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Although TBESs are emissions standards, because specific technology is used to determine the emission standard, firms are often

Accepted Answer

A)   reluctant to take a risk and explore cheaper and alternative technologies.
B)   unintentionally encouraged to use the technology that was used to set the standard.
C)   discouraged from practicing pollution prevention.
D)   all of the above.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Refer to the Figure above. TBESs focus on the process in __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Figure 1
B)   box (1) 
C)   box (2) 
D)   in the figure labeled 'Emissions'E) B) and D)
F) B) and C) C

Question 15

The 1965 Water Quality Act encouraged states to develop ambient standards for water quality. Ambient standards are

Accepted Answer

A)   a never-exceed level of pollutant in a particular water sources.
B)   a method that calls for zero tolerance of water pollutants in a particular source.
C)   only effective for point source pollution.
D)   only effective for non-point source pollution.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The National Network on Water Quality Trading guides programs for

Accepted Answer

A)   agricultural run-off
B)   watersheds
C)   storm water
D)   all of the aboveE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

The 1899 refuse act was not an attempt to control water pollution but an attempt to ensure _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   limited water diversion
B)   water navigation
C)   control of land pollution
D)   building rights of the U.S. Army Corps of EngineersE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Wastewater treatment plants engage in different levels of treatment for municipal water. The different degrees of treatment are designated

Accepted Answer

A)   primary, secondary, and tertiary.
B)   BOD, activated sludge, and chemical processing.
C)   no treatment, secondary treatment, and primary treatment.
D)   physical, biological, and chemical.E) All of the above
F) A) and C) A

Question 19

Emissions trading for water pollutants may be more complex than emissions trading for air pollutants. Trading networks must be

Accepted Answer

A)   limited to sources discharging into particular bodies of water.
B)   limited according to the industry and the product that the firm produces.
C)   unlimited geographically, but limited to domestic polluters.
D)   best if they are completely unlimited.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

The accident release of oil into the Gulf of Mexico or the nuclear accidentrelease at Fukushima Japan are considered ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   non-natural water pollution
B)   conventional water pollution
C)   continuous water pollution
D)   episodic emissionsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 14: Federal Water Pollution-Control Policy

The 1972 Water Pollution Control Act Amendments changed the policy approach of water pollution control from one of ______________ to one of _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Phase I of the Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, the EPA set emission standards based on _________________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High levels of _____________are associated with high-quality water, this water supports aquatic flora and fauna, domestic water supply, and quality recreational activities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After the state has established a total maximum daily load for a body of water and after that load has been distributed among the sources of emissions, a system of ________ can be developed to encourage cost effectiveness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Controlling water pollution by establishing total maximum daily loads is a type of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While technology-based effluent standards help reduce point source emissions, the 1987 Water Quality Act has sought to control non-point source emissions through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The engineering focused approach of technology-based effluent standards

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The Clean Water Act, which has been primarily aimed at point source water pollution, has moved the United States ________ of the way toward zero-discharge levels for point sources.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Best Available Technology (BAT) is generally considered _____________ than Best Practicable Technology (BPT)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over the last several decades, the proportion of the U.S. population that is served by secondary or tertiary water treatment facilities has _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One way to control non-point source emissions is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It wasn't until the creation of _______________ that a direct Federal role was established for water pollution control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although TBESs are emissions standards, because specific technology is used to determine the emission standard, firms are often

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the Figure above. TBESs focus on the process in __________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The 1965 Water Quality Act encouraged states to develop ambient standards for water quality. Ambient standards are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The National Network on Water Quality Trading guides programs for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 1899 refuse act was not an attempt to control water pollution but an attempt to ensure _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wastewater treatment plants engage in different levels of treatment for municipal water. The different degrees of treatment are designated

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Emissions trading for water pollutants may be more complex than emissions trading for air pollutants. Trading networks must be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The accident release of oil into the Gulf of Mexico or the nuclear accidentrelease at Fukushima Japan are considered ___________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 1972 Water Pollution Control Act Amendments changed the policy approach of water pollution control from one of to one of _.

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