Question 1

The disorganized thoughts experienced by those with schizophrenia most likely result from a breakdown in

Accepted Answer

A)   linkage analysis.
B)   selective attention.
C)   self-esteem.
D)   role playing.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

As Jordan watches, his brother receives an electric shock from touching the frayed toaster cord. Jordan is now intensely afraid of toasters. This best illustrates that fear can be learned through

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization.
B)   observational learning.
C)   linkage analysis.
D)   reinforcement.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization.
B)   observational learning.
C)   reinforcement.
D)   classical conditioning.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The experience of depression ________ risk taking and ________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibits; stimulates
B)   stimulates; inhibits
C)   inhibits; inhibits
D)   stimulates; stimulatesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n)  ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; increasing
B)   less; decreasing
C)   more; decreasing
D)   less; increasingE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

People living in cultures that idealize plump bodies are LESS likely to experience

Accepted Answer

A)   schizophrenia.
B)   anorexia nervosa.
C)   major depressive disorder.
D)   agoraphobia.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)   agoraphobia.
B)   major depressive disorder.
C)   PTSD.
D)   antisocial personality disorder.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic theory.
B)   the medical model.
C)   the social-cognitive perspective.
D)   the DSM-IV-TR.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Difficulty perceiving facial emotions and reading others' states of mind is characteristic of most of those suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)   schizophrenia.
B)   anorexia nervosa.
C)   obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)   attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce

Accepted Answer

Answer hallucinations.
depress...

Question 11

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)   generalized anxiety disorder.
B)   antisocial personality disorder.
C)   attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D)   obsessive-compulsive disorder.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

While driving to work, Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant. Throughout the day, the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   delusion.
B)   hallucination.
C)   obsession.
D)   compulsion.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Brain scans of PTSD patients suffering memory flashbacks reveal an aberrant and persistent activation of the

Accepted Answer

A)   right occipital lobe.
B)   left occipital lobe.
C)   right temporal lobe.
D)   left temporal lobe.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the

Accepted Answer

A)   amygdala.
B)   thalamus.
C)   hypothalamus.
D)   anterior cingulate cortex.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of

Accepted Answer

A)   smell.
B)   vision.
C)   hearing.
D)   touch.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions

Accepted Answer

A)   are more characteristic of men than of women.
B)   may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression.
C)   do not coincide with actual episodes of depression.
D)   are more clearly associated with mania than with depression.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV-TR

Accepted Answer

A)   is unknown.
B)   depends on the age of the patient.
C)   is very low.
D)   is relatively high.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession is that these explanations

Accepted Answer

A)   were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia.
B)   encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity.
C)   led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments.
D)   relieved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Although World War II air raids were extremely traumatic for those who experienced them, few of these people developed lasting phobic reactions to overhead planes. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   learning
B)   psychoanalytic
C)   biological
D)   humanisticE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is a

Accepted Answer

A)   phobia.
B)   dissociation.
C)   psychosis.
D)   bulimia nervosa.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Exam 15: Personality

While driving to work, Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant. Throughout the day, the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The experience of depression ________ risk taking and ________ aggression.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As Jordan watches, his brother receives an electric shock from touching the frayed toaster cord. Jordan is now intensely afraid of toasters. This best illustrates that fear can be learned through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The disorganized thoughts experienced by those with schizophrenia most likely result from a breakdown in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People living in cultures that idealize plump bodies are LESS likely to experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer hallucinations.depress...View AnswerShow Answer

A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although World War II air raids were extremely traumatic for those who experienced them, few of these people developed lasting phobic reactions to overhead planes. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession is that these explanations

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Difficulty perceiving facial emotions and reading others' states of mind is characteristic of most of those suffering from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV-TR

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brain scans of PTSD patients suffering memory flashbacks reveal an aberrant and persistent activation of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The experience of depression risk taking and aggression.

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ADHD is diagnosed often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

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Answer hallucinations.
depress...
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