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Organisms generally have to digest large amounts of plants containing phenolics to discourage them from feeding.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following examples shows a strong impact of herbivores on native vegetation?


A) Beetles on klamath weed in California
B) Weevils on floating fern in New Guinea
C) Goats on Santa Catalina island
D) Moths on prickly pear in Australia
E) Toads on waterweeds in New Jersey

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Invertebrate grazers, such as grasshoppers, tend to have greater impacts on host plants than vertebrate grazers, such as bison.

A) True
B) False

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The flavors of chocolate and vanilla come from


A) Tannins
B) Terpenes
C) Lignins
D) Flavonoids
E) Alkaloids

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Animal tissue generally contains about ____ times as much nitrogen as plant tissue, so high nitrogen plants are favored by herbivores.


A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20
E) 50

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which type of food plant/algae is subject to the highest levels of herbivory by herbivores?


A) Terrestrial plants
B) Aquatic plants
C) Aquatic algae
D) Terrestrial algae

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Why don't we see more plant material eaten by herbivores?


A) Herbivore populations self regulate
B) Natural enemies reduce herbivore densities
C) Plants have chemical and mechanical defenses
D) a and b
E) b and c

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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In Australia, nearly 90% of cactus plants on islands with cattle have spines whereas on islands with no grazers, only about 20% of the pads possess them. This supports the idea of


A) Plant apparency
B) Constitutive defenses
C) The optimal defense hypothesis
D) Induced defenses
E) The carbon-nitrogen balance hypothesis

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Unapparent plants


A) Are large and difficult to find
B) Have qualitative defenses
C) Have defenses which guard against specialist herbivores
D) Often occur in monocultures
E) Are long lived

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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