Question 1

What effect do opiate drugs have on dopamine?

Accepted Answer

A)   They increase the synthesis of dopamine.
B)   They directly increase the release of dopamine.
C)   They indirectly increase the release of dopamine by blocking transmitters that normally block dopamine.
D)   They mimic dopamine.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)   epinephrine
B)   acetylcholine
C)   serotonin
D)   dopamineE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

A certain drug user experiences intensified sensations and the illusion that time is passing slowly. He also experiences problems with attention and memory. These symptoms are most characteristic of the use of which drug?

Accepted Answer

A)   LSD
B)   cocaine
C)   nicotine
D)   marijuanaE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Increased permeability to ____ would most likely result in an IPSP.

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium
B)   potassium
C)   calcium
D)   bicarbonateE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Avoiding foods with lecithin, such as eggs and peanuts, would affect which neurotransmitter level the most?

Accepted Answer

A)   acetylcholine
B)   serotonin
C)   GABA
D)   endorphinE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   agonist.
B)   antagonist.
C)   stimulant.
D)   protagonist.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released by active neurons to dilate the blood vessels and increase blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)   endorphins
B)   glycine
C)   nitric oxide
D)   acetylcholineE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is released before the action potential occurs.
B)   It is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron.
C)   It is a gas.
D)   It is composed of amino acids.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Compared to ionotropic effects, metabotropic effects are:

Accepted Answer

A)   quicker and briefer.
B)   slower and briefer.
C)   quicker and longer-lasting.
D)   slower and longer-lasting.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

High concentrations of all neurotransmitters, except for NO, are stored in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   presynaptic terminals.
B)   postsynaptic terminals.
C)   axon.
D)   cell body.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs probably exert their effects most directly on what part of the neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)   the axon terminals
B)   the postsynaptic receptors
C)   the reuptake protein channels
D)   the sodium-potassium pumpE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A common drug to treat alcoholism that produces illness after consuming alcohol is:

Accepted Answer

A)   antabuse
B)   NMDA
C)   COMT
D)   anandamideE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

When a vertebrate animal contracts the flexor muscles of a leg, it relaxes the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington considered this evidence for the existence of:

Accepted Answer

A)   spatial summation.
B)   temporal summation.
C)   inhibitory messages.
D)   the delay in transmission at synapses.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Briefly compare the differences between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Include their mechanisms of action and how this explains the difference in their effects on the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

Ionotropic receptors are ion channels th...

Question 15

The anterior pituitary is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)   glandular tissue.
B)   neural tissue.
C)   vaso tissue.
D)   lymph tissue.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

At high doses, MDMA:

Accepted Answer

A)   destroys axons that release acetylcholine.
B)   destroys axons that release serotonin.
C)   stimulates axons that release acetylcholine.
D)   destroys axons in humans, but not in laboratory rats.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

What provides the building blocks for synthesizing all neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)   substances found in the diet
B)   breakdown products of DNA
C)   breakdown products formed from other transmitters
D)   methane and ethanolE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

At the synapse, amphetamine:

Accepted Answer

A)   blocks the breakdown of dopamine.
B)   increases the release of dopamine from the presynaptic terminal.
C)   increases the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.
D)   decreases the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

With respect to drug effects, "efficacy" means the tendency of a drug to:

Accepted Answer

A)   have inhibitory effects.
B)   have excitatory effects.
C)   attach to a receptor.
D)   activate a receptor.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 20

Why do the effects of certain transmitters, such as serotonin, vary from one synapse to another?

Accepted Answer

A)   The brain releases different forms of serotonin at different synapses.
B)   It depends whether it is an original serotonin molecule or one that has been recycled.
C)   The width of the synaptic cleft varies from one synapse to another.
D)   There are several kinds of postsynaptic receptors for serotonin.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 3: Synapses

What provides the building blocks for synthesizing all neurotransmitters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs probably exert their effects most directly on what part of the neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With respect to drug effects, "efficacy" means the tendency of a drug to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At high doses, MDMA:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anterior pituitary is composed of:

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High concentrations of all neurotransmitters, except for NO, are stored in the:

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At the synapse, amphetamine:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased permeability to ____ would most likely result in an IPSP.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common drug to treat alcoholism that produces illness after consuming alcohol is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Avoiding foods with lecithin, such as eggs and peanuts, would affect which neurotransmitter level the most?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released by active neurons to dilate the blood vessels and increase blood flow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a vertebrate animal contracts the flexor muscles of a leg, it relaxes the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington considered this evidence for the existence of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly compare the differences between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Include their mechanisms of action and how this explains the difference in their effects on the postsynaptic cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedIonotropic receptors are ion channels th...View AnswerShow Answer

What effect do opiate drugs have on dopamine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A certain drug user experiences intensified sensations and the illusion that time is passing slowly. He also experiences problems with attention and memory. These symptoms are most characteristic of the use of which drug?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do the effects of certain transmitters, such as serotonin, vary from one synapse to another?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to ionotropic effects, metabotropic effects are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Ionotropic receptors are ion channels th...
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