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If the economy unexpectedly went from inflation to deflation,


A) both debtors and creditors would have reduced real wealth.
B) both debtors and creditors would have increased real wealth.
C) debtors would gain at the expense of creditors.
D) creditors would gain at the expense of debtors.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to the quantity equation, the price level would change less than proportionately with a rise in the money supply if there were also


A) either a rise in output or a rise in the rate at which money changes hands.
B) either a rise in output or a fall in the rate at which money changes hands.
C) either a fall in output or a rise in the rate at which money changes hands.
D) either a fall in output or a fall in the rate at which money changes hands.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, an increase in the money supply causes the equilibrium value of money


A) and equilibrium quantity of money to increase.
B) and equilibrium quantity of money to decrease.
C) to increase, while the equilibrium quantity of money decreases.
D) to decrease, while the equilibrium quantity of money increases.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In the late 1800's deflation caused farmers to suffer as the fall in crop prices reduced their income and thus their ability to pay off their debts.

A) True
B) False

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Interest rates adjusted for the effects of inflation


A) and inflation are nominal variables.
B) and inflation are real variables.
C) are real variables; inflation is a nominal variable.
D) are nominal variables; inflation is a real variable.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Suppose monetary neutrality holds and velocity is constant. A 5 percent increase in the money supply


A) increases the price level by more than 5 percent.
B) increases the price level by 5 percent
C) increases the price level by 5 percent.
D) does not change the price level.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Dollar prices and relative prices are both nominal variables.

A) True
B) False

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Suppose the nominal interest rate is 5 percent, the tax rate on interest income is 30 percent, and the after-tax real interest rate is 0.8 percent. Then the inflation rate is 2.7 percent.

A) True
B) False

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An excess supply of money is eliminated by a decrease in the value of money.

A) True
B) False

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As the price level rises, the value of money


A) increases, so people want to hold more of it.
B) increases, so people want to hold less of it.
C) decreases, so people want to hold more of it.
D) decreases, so people want to hold less of it.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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As the price level decreases, the value of money


A) increases, so people want to hold more of it.
B) increases, so people want to hold less of it.
C) decreases, so people want to hold more of it.
D) decreases, so people want to hold less of it.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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The nominal interest rate is 4.5 percent and the inflation rate is 0.9 percent. What is the real interest rate?


A) 5.4 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 4.1 percent
D) 3.6 percent

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Suppose ice cream cones costs $3. Molly holds $60. What is the real value of the money she holds?


A) $60. If the price of ice cream cones rises, to maintain the real value of her money holdings she need to hold more dollars.
B) $60. If the price of ice cream cones rises, to maintain the real value of her money holdings she need to hold fewer dollars.
C) 20 ice cream cones. If the price of ice cream cones rises, to maintain the real value of her money holdings she needs to hold more dollars.
D) 20 ice cream cones. If the price of ice cream cones rises, to maintain the real value of her money holdings she needs to hold fewer dollars.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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High and unexpected inflation has a greater cost


A) for those who save than for those who borrow.
B) for those who hold a little money than for those who hold a lot of money.
C) for those whose wages increase by as much as inflation than those who are paid a fixed nominal wage.
D) for savers in low income tax brackets than for savers in high income tax brackets.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Given a nominal interest rate of 6 percent, in which of the following cases would you earn the highest after-tax real rate of interest?


A) Inflation is 2.5 percent; the tax rate is 25 percent.
B) Inflation is 3 percent; the tax rate is 20 percent.
C) Inflation is 2 percent; the tax rate is 30 percent.
D) The after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 12-2. On the graph, MS represents the money supply and MD represents money demand. The usual quantities are measured along the axes. Figure 12-2. On the graph, MS represents the money supply and MD represents money demand. The usual quantities are measured along the axes.    -Refer to Figure 12-2. Suppose the relevant money-demand curve is the one labeled MD<sub>1</sub>; also suppose the economy's real GDP is 30,000 for the year. If the money market is in equilibrium, then how many times per year is the typical dollar bill used to pay for a newly produced good or service? A)  4 B)  6 C)  8 D)  12 -Refer to Figure 12-2. Suppose the relevant money-demand curve is the one labeled MD1; also suppose the economy's real GDP is 30,000 for the year. If the money market is in equilibrium, then how many times per year is the typical dollar bill used to pay for a newly produced good or service?


A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 12

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Consider the money market drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis. If money demand is unchanged and the price level rises, then


A) the money supply must have increased, perhaps because the Fed bought bonds.
B) the money supply must have increased, perhaps because the Fed sold bonds.
C) the money supply must have decreased, perhaps because the Fed bought bonds.
D) the money supply must have decreased, perhaps because the Fed sold bonds.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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The source of all four classic hyperinflations was high rates of money growth.

A) True
B) False

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When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, the value of money increases if


A) either money demand or money supply shifts right.
B) either money demand or money supply shifts left.
C) money demand shifts right or money supply shifts left.
D) money demand shifts left or money supply shifts right.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Serena purchased 10 shares of GLC, Inc.stock for $200 per share; one year later she sold the 10 shares for $220 a share. Over the year, the price level increased from 135.0 to 143.1. The tax rate on capital gains is 50 percent. If the capital gains tax is on nominal gains, how much tax does Serena pay on her gain?


A) $90
B) $95
C) $100
D) None of the above is correct.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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